The Influence of Adverse Social and Economic Factors on the Success of Restorative Justice Programs in Anti-Corruption Efforts

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explore the detrimental impact of adverse social and economic factors on the success of the restorative justice programs through the Structural Strain Theory lens. The theory posits that units and divisions that exist in society lead to tensions that will stress out the behavior of individuals or groups thereby showing engenderment of deviance and crime. The study uses a qualitative research methodology based on case studies and content analysis of secondary sources, including peer-reviewed literature, international organisation reports, and government publications, for examination of how structural strains, poverty, unemployment, and other systemic inequities impede restorative justice implementation. Findings show that people’s socioeconomic disadvantages and systemic marginalization make it very difficult for them to gain access to restorative justice, which results in a continuation of cycles of inequality and undermines community cohesion. Often, communities that experience high levels of structural strain have not developed the resources, trust or stability to underpin effective restorative practice. The conclusion of the study is that such structural barriers must be addressed if restorative justice programs are to be effective and sustainable. Policies that can reduce poverty and inequality are recommended, as well as community engagement through education and capacity-building initiatives, and partnership with government agencies and community organisations to strengthen restorative practices. Such measures form the basis of equitable and inclusive restorative justice outcomes.